In 2024, 9.2% of the EU population was not able to keep their home adequately warm. Compared with 2023, this represents an improvement of 1.4 percentage point (pp).
The highest shares of people unable to keep their homes adequately warm were observed in Bulgaria and Greece (both 19.0%), followed by Lithuania (18.0%), and Spain (17.5%).
By contrast, Finland (2.7%), Poland and Slovenia (both 3.3%), and Estonia and Luxembourg (both 3.6%) reported the lowest shares.
The indicator Inability to keep the house adequately warm measures the share of population living in private households who are unable to afford to keep the home adequately warm, regardless of whether the household actually needs to keep it adequately warm.
The main variable used to compute this indicator, HH050 – “Ability to keep home adequately warm”, is collected annually as part of the European statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC. This variable is also considered as one of the household deprivation items to compute the severe material and deprivation rate.
