In the first half of 2025, gas prices for households in the EU fell by 8.1% compared to the second half of 2024, reaching €0.1143 per kWh. This signals a return to the seasonal fluctuations in gas prices that were typical of the period before the 2022 energy crisis.

For the average household consumer in the EU (with annual consumption between 20 GJ and 200 GJ), natural gas prices in the first half of 2025 were highest in Sweden (€0.2128 per kWh), the Netherlands (€0.1617 per kWh), and Denmark (€0.1306 per kWh). The lowest prices were in Hungary (€0.0307 per kWh), Croatia (€0.0461 per kWh) and Romania (€0.0559 per kWh). For Bulgarian households, the price (€0.0765 per kWh) was 33% lower than the EU average .

The price of natural gas for households in Sweden was more than six times higher than in Hungary and 86% above the EU average.

Prices including taxes rose sharply from the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023. In the second half of 2023, the price of natural gas for household consumers temporarily dropped to €0.1141 per kWh, after reaching €0.1163 per kWh in the first half of 2023. In the first half of 2024, the price fell further to €0.1104 per kWh. In the second half of 2024, the price reached its highest historical level of €0.1244 per kWh. In the first half of 2025, prices fell again to €0.1143 per kWh, contributing to a return to the usual zigzag pattern observed in the time series before the crisis.

The relative share of taxes in the first half of 2025 was lowest in Croatia (4.8%). The highest share was reported in the Netherlands, where total taxes and fees account for 53.9% of the final price, while in Denmark this percentage was 47.9%.

VAT in the EU accounted for an average of 15.2% of the total price. The share of VAT varied from 4.8% in Croatia to 21.2% in Hungary.

Source: Eurostat